Multilayer event‐based distributed control system for DC microgrids with non‐uniform delays and directional communication

The secondary control layer of microgrids is often modelled as a multi-agent distributed system, coordinated based on consensus protocols. Convergence time algorithm significantly affects transient stability microgrids, due to changes in communication topology, switching generations (DGs), and uncertainty intermittent energy sources. To minimise convergence protocol, this work proposes multilayer event-based framework, which resilient delays supports plug-and-play (P&P) addition or removal DGs DC cellular systems. A novel bi-layer optimisation minimises by selecting an optimal topology graph then adjusts controllers' parameters. Average achieved among controllers using considering non-uniform between agents. realisation method has also been introduced the directional beamforming technique for assignment modern telecommunication technologies. Provided feasibility case study implemented real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimental testbed, validate performance proposed framework key purposes voltage stabilisation balanced power-sharing microgrids.